Indicative adoption: 2028

The furniture
digital product
passport

Furniture is an ESPR priority, with adoption indicatively planned for 2028. Existing records for EUDR or REACH may help preparation where those rules apply, but the three regimes have different requirements.

Timing

Check existing obligations first

Existing rules and future passport requirements

The Working Plan indicates 2028 for adoption of furniture rules. A final furniture DPP application date has not been adopted.

The REACH formaldehyde restriction applies from 6 August 2026, subject to its scope and exceptions. EUDR generally applies from 30 December 2026 for large and medium operators, with different dates for certain smaller operators. Check each regime separately.

What already applies

Three regimes, some reusable data

Two of these are law and in force or imminent. The third is the one everyone talks about.

Regulation What it requires, and when
REACH XVII Regulation (EU) 2023/1464 added entry 77 to REACH Annex XVII. From 6 August 2026, the limit is 0.062 mg/m³ for furniture and wood-based articles and 0.080 mg/m³ for other covered articles, measured under Appendix 14 conditions. Check the restriction’s scope and exemptions.
EUDR Under the amended EUDR, the general application dates are 30 December 2026 for large and medium operators and 30 June 2027 for micro and small operators. Micro and small operators already covered by EUTR have the 30 December 2026 date. Check the current Annex I codes for the wooden furniture, seats, timber or panels concerned.
ESPR ESPR is the framework. The Working Plan indicates 2028 for adoption of furniture rules. Final furniture DPP fields and the application date are not yet adopted.

The dates above reflect the rules reviewed on 30 September 2026. Check the current scope and any later amendments for your product and operator role.

Why furniture data takes coordination

  • Many materials, one product

    Wood, metal, plastic, foam, textile, glass and adhesive in a single item.

  • Several suppliers per product

    Information may arrive from different suppliers in different formats. Agree what you need and how it can be shared.

  • A final product

    Unlike steel or aluminium, the obligation lands on the finished piece, so every upstream gap becomes yours.

  • Long and quiet lifetimes

    A wardrobe outlives the brand’s product cycle several times over.

  • Flat-pack and parts

    Repairability means spare parts and disassembly, which means part-level data.

  • Chemistry is now a gate

    Formaldehyde is no longer a quality target. Above the limit, the product cannot be placed on the market.

Furniture often combines several materials and components, making coordination across records and suppliers important.

Start by mapping the bill of materials and the evidence available. Final passport granularity and fields will be set by the product-specific rules.

What remains to be decided

  • The final furniture passport field list is not yet adopted. Preparation examples are not confirmed legal requirements.

  • We are not giving you a compliance date. The 2028 figure is an indicative adoption year in a working plan, not a deadline.

  • We are not claiming EUDR or formaldehyde compliance makes you passport-ready. It makes you closer, which is a different claim.

Responsibility

Who carries the obligation

Furniture businesses may have duties under several regimes. Check the product scope and your role under each one.

  1. Manufacturer

    Meets the manufacturer obligations under ESPR, including passport requirements when the relevant product rules apply. These duties are not limited to EU-established manufacturers.

  2. Importer

    Checks compliance for products imported into the EU, including passport availability where required. Under EUDR, a business importing covered wooden furniture may be an operator; check the current definitions and duties.

  3. Operator under EUDR

    Identify whether your business is an operator, downstream operator or trader under the amended regulation. Statement and record-keeping duties depend on that role and applicable exceptions.

  4. Downstream businesses

    Check the amended EUDR rules on references, records and declarations for your role. Duties cannot be determined solely by whether the business is large or small.

  5. Distributor

    Must verify compliance before making a product available, including passport access once a delegated act requires it.

ESPR has no general SME exemption from passport duties. Check the final product rules. EUDR uses its own definitions and exceptions, so assess your role under each regime separately.

Worn blue wooden drawer cabinet with chipped paint, suited for refurbishment and reuse.

What to expect

Preparation topics from the ESPR framework

These are practical preparation topics based on the ESPR framework and comparable product studies. They are not adopted furniture requirements.

Element What to review
Granularity Map model, batch and item identifiers already used in your business. The furniture act will decide the required passport level; findings from steel or textile studies do not decide it for furniture.
Three identifiers ESPR provides for unique product, operator and facility identifiers. Their inclusion and use depend on the regulation and applicable product-specific requirements.
Substances ESPR Article 7(5) addresses substances of concern as defined in Article 2(27). Review relevant substances in furniture, including formaldehyde and substances in coatings or flame retardants where they meet that definition.
Existing documents Review existing test reports, origin records and supplier certificates. Keep evidence linked to products, while checking separately what a future furniture passport will require.
Access tiers ESPR Article 9(2)(f) concerns data access and point (g) concerns creating or updating data. Final furniture access rights will be set in the product-specific act.

Use these topics to organise preparation, while keeping proposed requirements separate from adopted rules.

Readiness

Where furniture already has the data

Data availability varies. Work on EUDR and formaldehyde compliance may provide useful evidence, but it does not mean every business already has the information a future passport will require.

  • Wood origin

    For covered wood products, EUDR includes origin and geolocation requirements. Check your role and the current rules.

  • Chemical compliance

    Formaldehyde compliance must be demonstrated under the REACH Annex XVII Appendix 14 conditions. An EN 717-1 or EN 16516 report needs checking against those conditions; the standard name alone is not sufficient.

  • Supplier identifiers

    EUDR reference information can be linked to product records where relevant. It is not automatically a unique supplier or product identifier.

  • Bill of materials

    Check whether material names, quantities and supplier references are available in a consistent structure.

  • Repairability

    Review existing spare-part and disassembly information and link it to the relevant product.

  • Carbon footprint

    Record any existing assessment, its method and product scope. Do not assume a group-level result applies to every item.

  • Recycled content

    Link recycled-content claims to supplier evidence and the material they concern.

Access model

Possible audiences and access

  1. Public Anyone with the code
  2. Repairers Parts and disassembly
  3. Recyclers Materials and coatings
  4. Authorities Market surveillance, customs

ESPR Article 9(2)(f) concerns data access and point (g) concerns creating or updating data. The product-specific act sets the details. The groups above are illustrative.

Origin and supplier records can include confidential business information. EUDR duties do not automatically make that information public through a DPP.

What to do now

Reuse the EUDR work

  • Link references to the product

    EUDR reference information can help connect products with origin documentation. Store it in a searchable structure where relevant. A reference number is not by itself independent verification of the underlying data.

  • Structure the bill of materials

    Check whether material names, weights and supplier references are held consistently. This can support preparation without assuming that every future passport field derives from the bill of materials.

  • Organise formaldehyde test results

    Where testing is used to demonstrate compliance, record useful results as structured data and retain the underlying report. Check the required test conditions before relying on the results.

  • Document disassembly

    Existing assembly knowledge can help prepare repair and disassembly information. The final act will determine which information is legally required.

FAQ

See all questions

When will a furniture Digital Product Passport be mandatory?

The application date is not fixed. The Working Plan indicates 2028 for adoption of furniture rules. The final act will set its scope and application date.

What data will the furniture passport contain?

The final field list is not yet adopted. Materials, durability, repair and end-of-life information are useful preparation topics, not a confirmed furniture passport specification.

Does EUDR compliance count toward the passport?

EUDR compliance does not replace DPP compliance. Origin documentation and reference information may be useful for preparation. ESPR Annex III also allows the relevant act to require access to information mandated by other Union legislation.

Is the formaldehyde restriction related to the passport?

The formaldehyde restriction is a separate REACH requirement applying from 6 August 2026, subject to its scope and exceptions. Relevant test data may help future passport preparation. This does not mean all test results will be publicly disclosed.

Does this apply to small furniture makers?

ESPR has no general SME exemption from future passport duties. Check the relevant act. Under EUDR, micro and small operators generally have the 30 June 2027 date, but those already covered by EUTR have 30 December 2026. Duties also depend on the business’s role.

We only assemble, we do not make components. Does it still apply?

An assembler may have manufacturer or other operator obligations. Check how you place the finished product on the market and the applicable rules. Missing supplier data does not automatically excuse non-compliance.

Start with the bill of materials

DPPVIEW helps organise furniture product records, material information and supplier evidence. We can help identify gaps through passport preparation while the final product rules and our hosting platform are in development.

Discuss passport preparation

Sources

The sources below distinguish existing REACH and EUDR duties from the ESPR framework and preparatory studies for other product groups.

Last reviewed: . This page describes a proposal, not adopted law. We update it when the Commission publishes a draft delegated act.